
<p>
  <em>*UK relevant</em>
</p>

## Group 1 entitlement (private car or motorbike)
<ul>
  <li>
    Best corrected VA in good lighting sufficient to read a vehicle registration plate at 20 metres
    (where the figures are 5cm wide)
  </li>
  <li>The equivalent of this is approximately 6/12 Snellen VA</li>
  <li>
    There should be no major binocular field defect: no more than 3 contiguous points missed
    in&nbsp;
  </li>
  <ul>
    <li>At least 120 degrees on the horizontal scale</li>
    <li>And within 20 degrees above and below fixation in the vertical</li>
    <li>
      The Esterman protocol is commonly used for binocular testing: uses a target equivalent to the
      white Goldmann III4e setting
    </li>
  </ul>
  <li>New diplopia is a contraindication</li>
  <ul>
    <li>Diplopia must be controlled and the patient must have adapted</li>
  </ul>
  <li>
    The DVLA should be informed about significant visual loss in one eye even if the other meets the
    standard for driving
  </li>
</ul>

## Group 2 entitlement (lorries and buses)
<ul>
  <li>Best corrected VA at least 6/7.5 in the stronger eye</li>
  <li>Best corrected VA no worse than 6/60 in the other eye</li>
  <li>A glasses prescription of no more than +8</li>
  <ul>
    <li>NB: one eye with VA less than 3/60 is a contraindication to driving lorries, buses</li>
  </ul>
  <li>Normal binocular field of vision</li>
  <li>New onset diplopia is a contraindication</li>
  <ul>
    <li>
      Diplopia must be controlled with prisms only (not with patching) and the patient must have
      adapted
    </li>
  </ul>
  <li>NB: Colour blindness is not a contraindication</li>
</ul>

## Blind registration (&ldquo;severely sight impaired&rdquo;)
<ul>
  <li>Best corrected visual acuity is less than 3/60; or,</li>
  <li>Best corrected visual acuity is between 6/60 and 3/60 with field constriction; or,</li>
  <li>Best corrected visual acuity is between 6/18 and 6/60 with severe field constriction</li>
</ul>


*UK relevant Group 1 entitlement (private car or motorbike) Best corrected VA in good lighting sufficient to read a vehicle registration plate at 20…

Clinical Techniques

Visual Standards

Intro

FRCOphth Part 1 Study Notes

Orbit and ocular adnexae

Orbit

Extraocular Muscles

Orbital Blood Vessels

Paranasal Sinuses

Lacrimal Glands

Tear Film

Eyelids

Blinking

Anterior segment - ocular surface

Conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis

Sclera

Cornea

Corneal Structure And Development

Corneal Physiology

AC to Lens

Angle

Ciliary Body

Aqueous Humour Dynamics

Iris

Pupil

Lens

Posterior segment

Choroid

Vitreous

Retinal Macrostructure

Neurosensory Retina

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Neuroanatomy

Venous Sinuses

Cerebral Ventricles

Cerebral Blood Supply

Supranuclear Gaze Pathways

Head And Neck Autonomic Nervous Supply

Head And Neck Glands

Osteology

Nerves

Muscles And Pharyngeal Arches

Extraocular Nerves

Sensory Nerves

Physiology

Physics Of Blood Flow

Neuronal Control Of Blood Vessels

Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Cytochrome p450

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Hormone Production

Insulin

Glucagon

Parathyroid Hormone

Corticosteroids

Catecholamines

Cardiac Cycle

Renal Physiology

Fluid Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Muscle Physiology

Sensory Fibres

Cutaneous Receptors

Endocytosis

Glycosaminoglycans

Condensed Ocular Biochemistry

Eye Movements

Accomodation

Vision

Visual Cycle And Phototransuction

Visual Pathway

Visual Acuity

Colour Vision

Binocular Vision

Pathology

Collagen

Tissue Damage

Inflammation

Disease Entities

Wound Healing

Thrombosis / Atherosclerosis

Cell Growth

Neoplasia

Histopathology

Nystagmus

Free Radicals And Antioxidants

Immunology

Ocular Immunology

Microbiology

Viral Infections

Bacterial Infections

Fungal Infections

Protozoa

Nematodes

Antimicrobials

Genetics

Chromosomes

Mitosis

Meiosis

Genes

Polypeptide Synthesis

Histones

MicroRNA

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Mutations

Chromosome Defects

Autosomal Inheritance

X-Linked Inheritance

Mitochondrial Inheritance

Multifactorial Inheritance