Genetics
Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes
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Get accessProto-oncogenes regulate normal cell division and are protected in evolution because of this key function. They encode
- Growth and transcription factors
- Receptors
- Enzymes
- G-proteins
- Mutated proto-oncogenes (oncogenes) are associated with cancer
- RAS oncogenes are the most commonly observed oncogenes in human tumours
- Gene translocation and viral insertion can change proto-oncogenes
Summary Table: oncogenes vs tumour suppressor genes
| Oncogenes | Associations |
| abl | CML and AML |
| bcl | B-cell lymphoma |
| hox-11 | T cell leukaemia |
| c-myc | Breast, lung |
| ras | Thyroid, colon, lung |
| ret | MEN 2a and 2b |
| Tumour suppressor genes | Associations |
| p53 | Osteosarcoma |
| Rb | Retinoblastoma |
| APC | Colon |
| VHL | VHL, renal |
| P16 | Melanoma |
| BRCA1 and BRCA2 | Breast, ovarian |
| MENIN | MEN 1 |